{"id":46182,"date":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/archivos\/46182"},"modified":"2026-03-10T08:34:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T08:34:54","slug":"la-force-de-lart-propaganda-y-autocritica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/la-force-de-lart-propaganda-y-autocritica\/","title":{"rendered":"LA FORCE DE L\u2019ART. Propaganda y autocr\u00edtica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Autor:<\/strong> MANUEL CIRAUQUI (traducci\u00f3n Laura F. Farhall)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Revista:<\/strong> L\u00c1PIZ Revista Internacional de Arte n\u00ba 224<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Es posible que la vieja oposici\u00f3n -propia de la segunda mitad del pasado siglo- entre <em>laissez-faire <\/em> ultraliberal (presunto garante de la libertad creativa) y financiaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica del arte (medida supuestamente destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de los artistas frente a la agresividad del mercado) haya caducado para siempre, pero la fusi\u00f3n de ambos principios no deja por ello de dar contradictorios frutos. Dicho de otro modo, la s\u00edntesis entre propaganda y libertad de juicio tiene, previsiblemente, la implosi\u00f3n como resultado. La muestra trienal recientemente abierta en el Grand Palais de Par\u00eds bajo el r\u00f3tulo <em>La Force de l&#8217;Art <\/em>, destinada a dar cuenta de la vitalidad de la escena art\u00edstica francesa en los \u00faltimos veinte a\u00f1os, tiene precisamente la intenci\u00f3n de llevar a cabo dicha peligrosa y <em>necesaria <\/em> s\u00edntesis, \u201cnecesaria\u201d en la medida en que otros modelos ensayados parecen abocados a la sospecha y a la irrisi\u00f3n de los entendidos. Los dos ejemplos m\u00e1s recientes y a\u00fan dolorosos de tales ensayos son, por un lado, el Palazzo Grassi de Fran\u00e7ois Pinault, donde la identidad institucional entre arte y gran capital produce tal deslumbramiento que vuelve invisibles las obras y est\u00e9ril el trabajo del curador-cortesano; por otro lado, cabe citar la exposici\u00f3n <em>Notre histoire <\/em>, de corte proteccionista, en el Palais de Tokyo (rep\u00e1rese en la redundancia de los <em>palacios <\/em>), que promov\u00eda la puesta en marcha de un dispositivo de autocelebraci\u00f3n francesa destinado al gran p\u00fablico y basado en el modelo de la cultura publicitaria como nueva forma de tejido social. <\/p>\n<p>El tipo de iniciativa institucional propuesto por <em>La Force de l&#8217;Art <\/em>es m\u00e1s inteligente que el del Palais de Tokyo o el de la Fundaci\u00f3n Pinault en la medida en que no intenta limar las contradicciones ni tampoco afirmar el arte como fundamento macroecon\u00f3mico, aunque sus fines no son menos propagand\u00edsticos que en el resto de los casos. Dicho modelo se basa en el principio de la <em>carte blanche <\/em>a un grupo heterog\u00e9neo de comisarios y cr\u00edticos independientes, quienes, cada uno por su cuenta, otorgan libremente identidad a una superficie asignada. Esto da lugar a quince espacios a los que vienen a sumarse una librer\u00eda de arte, un centro de documentaci\u00f3n y un dispositivo pedag\u00f3gico (\u201cL&#8217;\u00c9cole de St\u00e9phanie\u201d) concebidos y gestionados igualmente por artistas o cr\u00edticos de arte. La fuerza de la propuesta reside en su car\u00e1cter no ya nacional, sino contextual, que no teme subrayar la presencia e importancia de artistas y comisarios extranjeros (Hou Hanru y L\u00f3r\u00e1nd Hegyi entre los comisarios, y Roman Opalka, Sarkis, Allora &#038; Calzadilla, Francisco Ruiz de Infante o Antonio Gallego, entre otros muchos artistas). Esta apertura de principio no impide que se produzcan tentativas narcisistas de exquisita falsedad, como el espacio llamado <em>Glissades <\/em>(\u201cresbalones\u201d) a trav\u00e9s del cual la curadora N. Ergino busca mostrar \u201cuna cierta tradici\u00f3n francesa\u201d basada en \u201cla combinaci\u00f3n de lenguaje y objetos, de humor y subversi\u00f3n\u201d; o bien el tambi\u00e9n exquisito y as\u00e9ptico <em>Rose poussi\u00e8re <\/em>, curado por Olivier Zahm, donde la influencia (inevitable) de la moda sobre el arte sirve de excusa para un homenaje de las casas de moda a s\u00ed mismas (cada sala es aqu\u00ed obra de una marca) y al submundo de las pasarelas como fantas\u00eda de reconciliaci\u00f3n y olvido. <\/p>\n<p>Pero al margen de las decepciones de rigor, resulta interesante preguntarse por el cortocircuito que se produce sobre todo en las intervenciones m\u00e1s brillantes, notablemente en las de Hou Hanru y \u00c9ric Troncy. El primero parte de los valores (ya estandarizados) de la conciencia descentrada y n\u00f3mada (su propuesta se titula <em>Laboratorio para un futuro incierto <\/em>) y propone un despliegue de peque\u00f1os stands en cada uno de los cuales el artista invitado se pone a s\u00ed mismo en escena. All\u00ed donde m\u00e1s expl\u00edcita se hace la libertad de las obras, m\u00e1s ostensible resulta el marco de conciliaci\u00f3n institucional en que \u00e9stas nacen. Pese a los esfuerzos en la elecci\u00f3n de obras y artistas, se hace evidente, por el contrario, en qu\u00e9 medida las obras en general son hoy conscientes de su propio futuro y destino, y no solo son fabricadas en gran proporci\u00f3n por sus destinatarios, sino que tambi\u00e9n se dan a ver ya de un modo predigerido. Y es por esto mismo por lo que la propuesta de Troncy resulta especialmente l\u00facida, compleja y de alcance significativo, igual al de una instalaci\u00f3n de instalaciones, de una \u201cmeta-instalaci\u00f3n\u201d, cuyo contenido viene a ser el mundo del arte y su trama de interdependencias: producci\u00f3n, recepci\u00f3n, <em>mostraci\u00f3n <\/em>, mercado y contexto cultural. Tomando como referente los experimentos con ecosistemas artificiales llevados a cabo en los a\u00f1os ochenta (a los que nuestra sociedad se asemeja de modo creciente), y como t\u00edtulo el nombre de un cosm\u00e9tico, <em>Superd\u00e9fense <\/em>produce la impresi\u00f3n de una gran <em>vanitas <\/em> en la que el arte se contemplase a s\u00ed mismo. Las exposiciones de Troncy se obstinan en clausurar semejante \u00e1mbito de inmanencia, dentro del cual las obras de arte juegan a producir su propia interpretaci\u00f3n o desenmascaramiento. En este caso, la fealdad de los cuadros de Bernard Buffet \u2013custodiados por los esqueletos gigantes de Xavier Veilhan\u2013 adquiere un car\u00e1cter premonitorio. El embrutecimiento de los nuevos mecenas \u2013\u00eddolos de los <em>reality shows <\/em>\u2013 da lugar a una est\u00e1tica danza de la muerte en mitad de un paisaje helado, donde las obras de arte padecen y celebran a un tiempo su propia frialdad. Pues la luz de las obras es tambi\u00e9n su vac\u00edo, su palabra es tambi\u00e9n su silencio escandaloso. <\/p>\n<p>la force de l&#8217;art <\/p>\n<p>Advertising and self-criticism <\/p>\n<p>That old opposition \u2013typical of the second half of the last century\u2013 between the ultraliberal <em>laissez-faire <\/em>(supposed guarantor of creative freedom) and the public financing of art (a measure that would supposedly protect artists from the aggressiveness of the market) may have expired forever, but this does not mean that the fusion of both principles no longer bears contradictory fruits. In other words, the synthesis between advertising and freedom of opinion is likely to result in implosion. The triennial display that was recently inaugurated at the Grand Palais in Paris, entitled <em>La Force de l&#8217;Art <\/em>, aiming to analyse the vitality of the French art scene over the last twenty years, precisely has the intention of carrying out that dangerous and <em>necessary <\/em> synthesis, \u201cnecessary\u201d to the extent that the other models that have been tested seem doomed to suspicion and the derision of understandings. The two most recent, and still painful, examples of these tests are, on the one hand, Fran\u00e7ois Pinault&#8217;s Palazzo Grassi, where the institutional identity between art and significant capital was so dazzling that the works of art became invisible and the task of the curator-courtesan, sterile. On the other, the exhibition <em>Notre histoire <\/em>, in a protectionist style, on display at the Palais de Tokyo (note the recurrence of the palaces), encouraged the establishment of a device for the self-celebration of French art for the general public, based on the model of the advertising culture as the new form of social fabric. <\/p>\n<p>The type of institutional initiative proposed by <em>La Force de l&#8217;Art <\/em>is more intelligent than the display at the Palais de Tokyo or the Fundaci\u00f3n Pinault to the extent that it does not attempt to smooth contradictions or assert art as a macro-economic foundation, although its purposes are no less based advertising than in the other cases. Said model is based on the principle of giving <em>carte blanche <\/em>to a heterogeneous group of independent critics and curators, who independently and freely award identity to an assigned surface. The result is fifteen spaces, as well as an art library, a documentation centre and a pedagogical device (\u201cL&#8217;\u00c9cole de St\u00e9phanie\u201d), conceived and managed equally by artists or art critics. The strength of the proposal lies in its character, which is not just national, but contextual, daring to underline the presence and importance of foreign artists and curators (Hou Hanru and L\u00f3r\u00e1nd Hegyi among the curators, and Roman Opalka, Sarkis, Allora &#038; Calzadilla, Francisco Ruiz de Infante or Antonio Gallego, among many other artists). This open-minded principle does not prevent narcissistic attempts of exquisite falseness, like the space <em>Glissades <\/em>(\u201cslides\u201d) with which curator N. Ergino attempts to show a \u201ccertain French tradition\u201d based on the \u201ccombination of language and objects, of humour and subversion;\u201d or the also exquisite and aseptic <em>Rose poussi\u00e8re <\/em> curated by Olivier Zahm, where the (inevitable) influence of fashion on art is used as an excuse for fashion houses to pay tribute to themselves (since each room is by one brand) and to the sub-world of fashion shows as a fantasy of reconciliation and oblivion. <\/p>\n<p>Yet apart from the typical deceptions, it is interesting the wonder about the short circuit that takes place especially in the most brilliant interventions, notably in those by Hou Hanru and \u00c9ric Troncy. The former stems from the (now standardised) values of the disoriented and nomadic conscience (the proposal is entitled <em>Laboratory for an uncertain future <\/em>) and presents a display of small stands where the artist positions him or herself <em>en scene <\/em>. There where the freedom of the works becomes most explicit is where the frame of institutional conciliation they are born in seems most ostensible. Despite the effort made to choose the works and the artists, the extent to which the works in general are currently aware of their own future and destiny is quite evident. Not only are they manufactured largely by their addressees, but they are also presented in a pre-digested manner. This is the same reason why Troncy&#8217;s proposal is especially lucid, complex and has a significant implication, as occurs with an installation of installations, a \u201cmeta-installation,\u201d whose content is the artworld and its network of interdependencies: production, reception, <em>display <\/em>, market and cultural context. Taking the experiments performed in the 1980s with artificial ecosystems (which our society resembles increasingly) as a reference, and with a title taken from a cosmetic product, <em>Superd\u00e9fense <\/em>gives the impression of a grand vanitas in which art contemplates itself. Troncy&#8217;s exhibitions insist on closing said sphere of immanence where works of art play at producing their own interpretation or unmasking. In this case, the ugliness of Bernard Buffet&#8217;s paintings -guarded by Xavier Veilhan&#8217;s giant skeletons- takes on a premonitory character. The stultification of the new patrons -reality show idols- gives way to a static dance of death in the middle of a frozen landscape, where works of art suffer and celebrate their own coldness at the same time. Since the light of the works is also their emptiness, their word is also their thunderous silence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor: MANUEL CIRAUQUI (traducci\u00f3n Laura F. Farhall) Revista: L\u00c1PIZ Revista Internacional de Arte n\u00ba 224 Es posible que la vieja oposici\u00f3n -propia de la segunda mitad del pasado siglo- entre laissez-faire ultraliberal (presunto garante de la libertad creativa) y financiaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica del arte (medida supuestamente destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de los artistas frente a la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[444,351,400],"class_list":["post-46182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articulos","tag-arte","tag-articulo-html","tag-lapiz-revista-internacional-de-arte"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46182"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48407,"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46182\/revisions\/48407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/formacionsimple.com\/revistasculturales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}